Sept 9, 2015
Dear Chair Carolyn Parrish, Vice-Chair John Sprovieri and Councillors Frank Dale, Johanna Downey, Karen Ras and Michael Pelleschi:
I understand that Peel City Council has formed a Water Fluoridation Committee to review the current body of scientific research on water fluoridation, and that you are members of this committee.
I would like to notify you about a recent study on water fluoridation that I published along with Dr. Christine Till in the journal Environmental Health. The study found that greater exposure to fluoridated water was associated with increased ADHD prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States after controlling for socioeconomic status (see http://www.ehjournal.net/content/14/1/17). The study received international media attention and was featured in Newsweek Magazine (http://www.newsweek.com/water-fluoridation-linked-higher-adhd-rates-312748).
Other studies have also found associations between exposure to fluoridated water and adverse cognitive effects. These effects include: impaired visuospatial organization and visual memory during childhood (Rocha-Amador et al., 2009) and delayed orientation reactions in infancy (Li et al., 2004). Additionally, over 20 epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to fluoridated water is related to lower IQ in children. These were reviewed in a meta-analysis recently published by Harvard researcher Dr. Anna Choi (Choi et al., 2012). Furthermore, Ding et al. (2011) established a dose response relationship between exposure to fluoridated water and lowered IQ at relatively low fluoride concentrations (0.24 mg/L – 2.84 mg/L). They found that each 1mg/L increase in urinary fluoride was associated with a 0.59 point reduction in children’s IQ.
Consequently, Dr. Till and I are concerned about the potential impact of exposure to artificially fluoridated water on the neurodevelopment of Canadian infants and children. Infants consuming formula prepared with tap water in particular may be at a greater risk for negative cognitive effects due to fluoride overexposure. The adequate intake of fluoride for infants from birth to six months of age is 0.01 mg/day (the expected amount from mother’s breast milk) (ADA, 2005; IOM, 1997; NRC, 2006). This is reached from one tablespoon of “optimally” fluoridated water. Therefore, infants fed formula made with fluoridated tap water would consume at least 50 tablespoons, grossly exceeding the adequate intake limit.
Please consider the information and research that I have provided you with as Members of the Water Fluoridation Committee continue to assess the emerging literature on water fluoridation.
Below are references for the cited studies. I have also attached them for your convenience. You are more than welcome to contact me if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
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Ashley Malin, MA, Doctoral Candidate
References (please click the links below to view the facts)